![]() ![]() "Candide" urges readers to improve society by putting Enlightenment ideas to work. Francois Voltaire -French Enlightenment Writer. contemporary social theory - means the ruling class of capitalist societies. In Marxist theory - class who owns means of production. ![]() allowed more political liberty Bourgeois -originally middle class. perestroika and glasnost allowed more political liberty. Mikhail Gorbachev -reformer/leader who presided over the end of the USSR who believed communism=good. Russia surrendered most of its Western territory. with Central Powers, marking Russia's exit from World War I. Brest - Litovsk Treaty -Russia's peace agreement with Germany in WWI Made US possible to support Britain while still be "neutral". men began with blank slate Lend-Lease Act Churchill persuaded the U.S. Empiricism -all knowledge comes through experience. John Stuart Mill expressed his humane liberalism in his writings "On liberty" and "Subjection of Women" but Kierkegaard was considered the founder of modern existentialism. Jean-Paul Sartre -Existentialist philosopher made Exis. declare Catholicism the official religion. knew most Italians were Catholics thus gave stamp of approval. appealed to businessmen and laborers Lateran Pact of 1929 Mussolini's_ with Catholic church. violence and warfare cleansed and fortified the body politics. Italian Fascist Party -antidemocratic and anticommunist France gave up many of its North American colonies. Treaty of Paris -French and Indian War ended. Tories Supported Kings Charles II, favored state religion over religious freedom. limit royal authority, increase parliamentary power. group emerged in opposition to king Charles II's brother James II. Whigs -Puritans who supported religious freedom and the power of Parliament. The War of Austrian Succession -weakened France politically and financially and contributed to the long-standing and increasing economic crisis that was the primary contributor to the French revolution. Brezhnev Doctrine -Soviets reserved to themselves the right to interfere in the domestic politics of communist nations. Had Kennedy invade Cuba, soviet Leader Nikita Khrushchev would probably have attacked the U.S. The Cuban Missile Crisis -marks the period when the two world superpowers came the closest to war. Bretton Woods Agreement of 1944 made the US dollar the world's reserve currency. abandonment of the use of force, as well as disarmament of aggressor nations. global cooperation for economic and social conditions for all ![]() restoration of self-government to those deprived of it ![]() Atlantic Charter Defined Allied (Britain and American) goals of post World War 2. main purpose: pick up where the League left off. authorized a conflict against communist forces from N. United Nations -replaced League of Nations. french society began to view people based on skill rather than family/birth. Legal equality and justice brought to all social classes. French Revolution -Started from Tennis Court Oath in 1789 through Napolean giving up his throne in 1814 Jeremy Bentham -developed philosophy of utilitarianism. did not want to share power with lower classes. believed all people entitled to civil rights, did not support equal political rights. liberals -did not support universal suffrage. ![]()
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